A MyD88/IL1R Axis Regulates PD-1 Expression on Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Sustains Their Immunosuppressive Function in Melanoma

NF-kB Regulates PD-1 Expression in Macrophages

NF-κB regulates PD-1 expression in macrophages.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is responsible for T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and is expressed on a variety of immune cells following activation. Despite its importance, the mechanisms that regulate PD-1 in cell types other than CD8 T cells are poorly defined. In this study, the molecular mechanisms for inducing PD-1 expression in CD4 T cells, macrophages, and B cells were...

Over-Expression of Immunosuppressive Molecules, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

Stabilin-1 expression in tumor associated macrophages.

Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive and common form of brain tumor. Current therapies consist of a combination of surgical removal, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These drastic treatments still leave a current prognosis of median survival of less than 1 year. Lack of effectiveness of these treatments has left researchers looking for alternative forms of treatment. A significant al...

PD-L1/PD-1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in conjunctival melanoma

Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is an infrequent but potentially lethal malignancy, with limited therapeutic options for metastases. Recent inhibitors of the interaction of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are associated with good clinical responses in many malignancies. To investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CM, we analyzed the expres...